Current Issue : April-June Volume : 2011 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 41 Articles
The present study was carried out to evaluate and compare anti-inflammatory activity of Brihatpanchamoola Kwatha prepared by root bark and stem bark of Brihatpanchamoola in Carrageenan induced paw oedema model. Wister strain albino rats of either sex were selected and divided in to four groups of 6 animals each. The test drug was administered orally at a dose of 9 ml/kg body weight of rat. Phenylbutazone was used as standard anti-inflammatory drug for comparison. Both the samples of Brihatpanchamoola Kwatha have shown inhibition of carrageenan induced paw oedema, however significant inhibition was observed only in stem bark sample treated group. This study shows that Brihatpanchamoola Kwatha prepared from stem bark samples have significant anti-inflammatory activity. Hence it can be preferred in the non-availability of root samples....
The liver plays a vital function in human beings and animals in the maintenance and performance of the body. Some of these major functions include carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, detoxification, and secretion of bile. Therefore, the maintenance of a healthy liver is vital to overall health and well being. Unfortunately, the liver is often abused by environmental toxin, poor eating habits, alcohol, and prescribed and over the counter (OTC) drug use, which can damage and weaken the liver and eventually lead to hepatotoxicity like hepatitis, cirrhosis, jaundice and various other liver diseases. There are a lot of synthetic derivatives which are used for the treatment of liver disorders. But the synthetic derivatives have more side effects and are costlier than that of the herbal preparations. So through this article we have tried to cover various aspects of the particular liver diseases like symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment and their cure with the help of herbal remedies. This will help the researchers and various peoples directly or indirectly by providing them useful knowledge related to the various disorders of the liver....
A herb is a plant that is valued for flavor, scent, or other qualities. Herbs are used in cooking, as medicines, and for spiritual purposes. From ancient days to now a day, medicinal plants are a potential and useful for the treatment of several diseases and disorders. Main reason behind of that is medicinal plants is not having any side effects. One of the climber is Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.)Verdc., it has been used in various Asian traditional medicine. In this review, we revealed the medicinal potency of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.)Verdc.....
This review focuses on the efficacy and safety of effective herbal medicines in the management of obesity in humans and animals. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and India Medex databases were searched up to December 30, 2010. The search terms were “obesity” and (“herbal medicine” or “plant”, “plant medicinal” or “medicine traditional”) without narrowing or limiting search elements. All of the human and animal studies on the effects of herbs with the key outcome of change in anthropometric measures such as body weight and waist-hip circumference, body fat, amount of food intake, and appetite were included. In vitro studies, reviews, and letters to editors were excluded. Of the publications identified in the initial database, 915 results were identified and reviewed, and a total of 77 studies were included (19 human and 58 animal studies). Studies with Cissus quadrangularis (CQ), Sambucus nigra, Asparagus officinalis, Garcinia atroviridis, ephedra and caffeine, Slimax (extract of several plants including Zingiber officinale and Bofutsushosan) showed a significant decrease in body weight. In 41 animal studies, significant weight loss or inhibition of weight gain was found. No significant adverse effects or mortality were observed except in studies with supplements containing ephedra, caffeine and Bofutsushosan. In conclusion, compounds containing ephedra, CQ, ginseng, bitter melon, and zingiber were found to be effective in the management of obesity. Attention to these natural compounds would open a new approach for novel therapeutic and more effective agents....
Medicinal plants have been a source of succour in the control of many diseases in developing countries and sickle cell disease is no exception. The lower strata of the population living in developing countries rely heavily on traditional medicine due to their cultural alignment as well as their inability to afford the cost of treatment offered by orthodox medical practitioners. Myths fuelled by cultural beliefs are also issues to contend with. For example, childhood deaths within a family were always attributed to some evil forces in the traditional African setting. The advent of Western medicine changed all that when the real causes of many of such deaths became apparent. In different parts of the world especially in Africa and Asia with high incidence of the sickle cell disease, the people have learnt to manage the problem using plants which are God’s gift of nature. Crude extracts from plants have been used in treating an array of diseases since ancient times although, the bioactive components of such plants remain largely unknown. Various advances in scientific research on the use of plants and herbs brought the beneficial aspects of traditional medicine and the rational for their uses to the limelight. This review seeks to spotlight the intervention of medicinal plants in the management of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) by traditional healers and the underlying principles in their usage....
The roots of Viburnum coriaceum were collected from Nilgiri hills, Tamil Nadu, India. A primary organic analysis on the species revealed the presence of bio-active molecules such as tannins, saponins, phenolic compounds (flavonoids) and other phenolic glycosides as their principal phyto- constituents. The crude drug (Patha) was formulated in to an asava using conventional anaerobic fermentation process for about 90 days. Apart from some traditional methods of standardization of asava, a new approach was made to select about thirteen numbers of physical, physic-chemical including organoleptic and primary organic analysis and were attempted with the asava to obtain a reproducible and consistent results and the same were recorded. Since the root asava contained phenolic compounds as principal constituents, a screening for its anthelmintic activities against piperazine citrate induced paralysis p<0.01was significant....
Leaves of Barleria cuspidata were dried, powdered and extracted with Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol & water in Soxhlet extractor. Anthelmintic activity of these various extracts was evaluated on Indian adult earthworms Pherentima posthuma. Results showed that the chloroform and Petroleum ether extracts of the leaves of Barleria cuspidata show significant level of activities....
The present study was conducted to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of Piper longum (Pipali) on gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Data on 18 goats were utilized for analysis irrespective of age, sex and breed. The experimental goats were randomly divided in 3 groups. The crude powder and cold aqueous extract of P. longum were given @ 500 mg/kg b. wt. by oral route and the anthelmintic efficacy was compared with Levamisole @ 7.5 mg/kg, s/c. The qualitative and quantitative assessment for the status of gastrointestinal parasitic infestation, particularly Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum, Trichostrongyles and Bunostomum spp., was made on the basis of faecal examination on day 0 (pretreatment) and day 7 and 15 (post treatment). The efficacy was found better in case of cold aqueous extract as compared to crude powder of P. longum. Out of above four gastrointestinal parasites viz. Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum, Trichostrongyles and Bunostomum spp, the effect of two extracts of S. chirata was found maximum in case of Bunostomum....
Petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of Buchanania lanzan leaves were evaluated for antibacterial activity against E.coli, S.typhi, S.aureus, B.subtilis and antifungal activities against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger with the comparison with positive control (Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin) for bacteria and (Ketoconazole and Fluconazole) for fungi. Methanolic extracts was found to be more significant active compared to other extracts against both bacteria and fungi....
Urinary tract infections are caused by a variety of bacteria, but 85% of UTIs are started by E.coli. The present study were undertaken to isolate the human pathogen, E.coli from the urine samples of urinary tract infected patients. Nine medicinal plants were selected based on their antibacterial characteristics. In dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethyl alcohol and aqueous solvent extraction maximum inhibition zone were observed in medicinal plants were Glycyrrhizia glabra, Tribulus terrestris, Eugenia jambalona and Glycyrrhizia glabra (22.40±1.10mm, 14.76±0.06mm, 22.30±0.20mm and 24.40±0.17mm) at 500µg/disc concentration against the human pathogen, E.coli. Aqueous and ethyl alcohol solvent extractions of the nine herbals had more activities compare to the ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extractions....
Chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of Tinospora cordifolia whole plant were evaluated for antifungal activities against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger and antibacterial activity against E.coli, S.typhi, S.aureus, B.subtilis with the comparison with positive control (Ketoconazole and Fluconazole) for fungi and (Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin) for bacteria. Chloroform extract and methanolic extracts were found to be more significantly active compared to other extracts for bacteria and methanolic extract shown significant inhibition for fungi....
Aim of this study Methanolic and aqueous flower extracts of Acanthus ilicifolius were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. The extracts were tested against 6 different species of human pathogenic bacteria and 4 fungal strains. Most of the extracts were devoid of antifungal and antibacterial activities, the aqueous extract of flower Acanthus ilicifolius obtained by very good activity when compare to methanol extract, which showed strong inhibitory activity against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This study suggests that aqueous flower extracts of Acanthus ilicifolius obtained by infusion can be used in the treatment of skin diseases caused by dermatophytes....
The in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts of Coccinia grandis fruits and leaves has been investigated by DPPH (1, 1-Diphenyl, 2-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical and superoxide scavenging activity (NBT). The aqueous extract of Coccinia grandis fruits and leaves showed significant antioxidant activity by inhibiting DPPH and superoxide radical when compared with methanolic extract. Free radical scavenging activity might be due to presence of flavonoid. The aqueous extract of fruits exhibited potent antioxidant activity with low IC50 values in these two methods. These finding could justify the inclusion of this plant in the management of various disorders in traditional medicine....
In present research study, the aqueous extracts of Ipomoea biloba (Paeonaceae) root (100 and 200 mg/kg orally) were tested in brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in rats to assess their antipyretic activity. The pyrexia in rats was reduced significantly (P<0.05) compared to that of control. These results indicate that the extracts possess antipyretic properties. The root extract showed significant reduction in normal body temperature and yeast-provoked elevated temperature comparable to that of standard antipyretic drug paracetamol. The antipyretic effect was started at 1h and extended for at least 4h after the drug administration....
The objective of this study was to investigate the antiulcer activity of leaves of Leptadenia reticulata Linn. (Asclpiadaceae) in rats. Fresh dried leaves of Leptadenia reticulata were extracted by maceration method. Antiulcer activity of the aqueous extract at two concentrations 100 and 200 mg/kg were evaluated in rats using ethanol, indomethacin and pylorus ligation induced ulcer models. Famotidine as Standard drug. The evaluated parameters are ulcer index, acid volume, pH and total acidity. The extract (100 mg/kg & 200 mg/kg) showed significant (P<0.001) reduction in acid volume, total acidity and ulcer index as compared to control. This present study indicates that Leptadenia reticulata leaves aqueous extract have potential anti ulcer activity in all the models....
Context: Cichorium intybus L. ( Asteraceae ) roots have been extensively used in Ayurveda medicine. It is variously used as a treatment for gallstones, gastro-enteritis, sinus problems, diabetes and constipation. Objective: To investigate the antiulcer and antioxidant activity of hydro alcoholic extract of roots of Cichorium intybus Linn (HACI). Methods: Antiulcer effect of HACI was evaluated in rats by the oral administration of ethanol 99.5% (dose 1ml/200gm b.w.) and pylorus ligation method. HACI was administered at the dose of (300mg/kg and 500mg/kg. p.o.) Antiulcer activity was assessed by determining and comparing ulcer index, total acidity, free acidity, gastric volume and pH, in test drug group with that of ulcer control group. Ranitidine was used as a standard (50mg/kg/p.o.). Antioxidant activity of HACI has been assayed by using ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Results: Maximum ulcer reduction was observed at a dose of 500mg/kg p.o. of HACI, in ethanol and pylorus ligation induced model, producing a protection index of 46.66% and 43.93% respectively, where as Ranitidine produced greater protection index of 59.99% and 68.29% respectively. A significant reduction in volume of gastric juice and acid output was also observed in ulcer induced animals treated with HACI when compared with ulcer control group. Simultaneously, pH of the gastric fluid was increased significantly. The result of study indicates that the antioxidant properties of HACI may contribute to gastro protective activity probably due to its free radical scavenging activity. Conclusions: These results suggest that HACI root extract possess antiulcer activity....
Thirty seven plant species were tested against Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) using MTT assay. The Selectivity index (SI) is an important therapeutic parameter as it includes both antiviral activity and eventual toxicity of the test extracts to host cells. Azadirachta indica (bark), Strychnos nux-vomica (seeds) and Mukia maderaspatana (leaf) showed high anti-HIV activity with the SI values respectively of 7.77, 3.53 and 3.42 but all the 37 plant extracts exhibited activity. CRDS, AZT, DS were used as reference compound. The SI of pure reference compounds was greater (44642.86 for CRDS, 15 for AZT, 423.44 for DS) than all the crude plant extracts tested. These results are useful for rationalizing the use of medicinal plants in established systems of traditional medicine in primary health care. Further purification of these crude extracts will increase the anti-HIV activity....
Siris is a very common large tree of Indian subcontinent. The scientific name of Siris is Albizia lebbeck belongs to family Fabaleae. It is proven drg used in leprosy and paralysis. In present investigation, the detailed comparative pharmacognostic study of Albizia lebbeck (leaves, stem and bark) was carried out to lay down the standards which could be useful in future experimental studies. The study includes macroscopy, microscopy, preliminary phytochemical screening, physicochemical evaluation and fluorescence analysis....
Biomedicines used in folklore practices prevalent in Nalgonda district are enumerated. Biomedicines are composed of single plant drugs or combination of plant drugs. The identified traditional family practitioners were interviewed personally and recorded their views. The present work exposed the information regarding various plants like botanical name, family, parts used and mode of administration along with its pharmacological potency. A total of 12 Mandals were covered in the survey will be continued for the future work. Finally we concluded that Nalgonda is a rich repository of several species of medicinal plants....
Twenty seven plant species were tested against 13 clinical bacterial pathogens, using disc diffusion assay for antibacterial activity. Only 18 plants exhibited antibacterial activity against either one or more pathogens. Aerva lanata was most effective in bioactivity against a maximum of eight bacterial species with inhibition zone that ranged from 1 to 15 mm: 15 mm against Streptococcus faecalis; 10 mm - Proteus vulgaris; 6 mm - Salmonella typhi; 5 mm - Bacillus subtilis; 3 mm - β Strepococcus; 2 mm - Vibrio cholerae & Proteus mirabilis; and 1 mm against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Another plant species, Vitex trifoliata also showed high antibacterial activity with inhibition zone that varied from 4 to 9 mm: 9 mm against Escherechia coli; 8 mm - Staphylococcus aureus; 7 mm - β Streptococcus; 5 mm - V. cholerae; 4.5 mm - Klebsiella sp.; and, 4 mm against K. Pneumoniae. These results are useful for rationalizing the use of medicinal plants in established systems of traditional medicine in primary health care....
The objective of present report is investigation of anticonvulsant commotion of Menthapiperita L. &Inularacemosawhich are the well known plants used in Indian traditional medicine for Pulmonary, Gastrointestinal, Antimicrobial, Cardiovascular, Respiratory tract disorders. The hydro alcoholic extract of MenthapiperitaLðanolic extract of Inularacemosawere subjected to various phytochemical tests, then acute toxicity studies were performed followed by antiepileptic activity by models like maxima electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole(PTZ) induced seizures in Wistaralbino rats. Acute toxicity studies were non toxic up to recommended dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight orally as per OECD guidelines no.423. Animals were treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Menthapiperitaðanolic extract of Inularacemosa& combination of both the extracts with 200 mg/kg body weight for 7 days. The ethanolic extract of I. racemosa is more effective in comparison to M. piperita as it gradually decreases the extension phase in both the models and the overall recovery seen was good but the combination is more significant as the results obtained were similar to the standard drugs....
Euphorbia hirta, Triphala combination, Withania somnifera, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Zingiber officinale. This formulation has been selected for our work as it principally contains flavonoids, carotenoids, catechins and many other chemical constituents that are known for their anti-inflammatory activity. The presence of these chemicals initiated us to perform the study. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to screen and evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of this herbal combination.Acute toxicity studies were carried out and the herbal extract did not show any mortality or sign of toxicity in experimental rats.Carrageenan was shown to induce a general inflammatory response by causing an increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-a, and IL’s. Administration of methanolic extract 100mg (P<0.05) and 200mg (P<0.001) significantly inhibited the development of the swelling as compared to the induced (Carrageenan) group. From the above investigation it can be concluded that methanolic extract (200mg) of the herbal extract showed reduction in edema and is comparable to standard Ibuprofen....
To evaluate CNS depression, anxiolytic and anti-epileptic activity of methanolic extract of Luffa echinata Roxb. Fruit in experimental animals. CNS depression activity of mehanolic extract of Luffa echinata (MELE)(20mg/kg, p.o.) was measured using Open field behavior model and anxiolytic activity was performed using Elevated plus maze model using diazepam (2mg/kg, p.o.) as a reference standard in both the models. Anti-epileptic activity of MELE (20mg/kg, p.o.) was performed using Maximal Electric Shock (MES) model using phenytoin (25mg/kg, p.o.) as a reference standard. In open field model MELE showed significant reduction in number of square crossed (7.75±0.85) and number of rearing (1.00±0.70) as compared to control (81.00±26.35, 14.50±2.22) (p< 0.05). In elevated plus maze model MELE showed significant increased in time spent in open arm (136.25±17.96) as compared to control (65.25±7.09). In MES model, MELE showed significant decreased in extension, stupor and total recovery as compared to control. Methanolic extract of Luffa echinata Roxb. Fruit showed significant CNS depression, anxiolytic and anti-epileptic activity in experimental animals....
Antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of leaf, bark and flower of Bauhinia purpurea Linn. was studied against various standard reference bacterial and fungal strains and clinical isolates collected from various parts of India and abroad. The antimicrobial susceptibility was screened using serial dilution and disc diffusion methods. Ciprofloxacin and Griseofulvin were used as standards. The results showed that the extracts were active against both bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative) & fungi and amongst the three parts used, the methanolic extract of bark showed comparatively higher antibacterial and antifungal activity than the other two parts studied. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract of the bark proved the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, phenols and tannins in it. The bark extract was active against most of the Shigella species, V. cholerae, E. coli 35B, E. coli 18/9, E. coli K88, Enterobacter species, S. aureus, B. cereus, Pseudomonas putida MTCC 2252, Ps. aeruginosa AP 585 NLF, Proteus vulgaris AP 679 NLF and all tested fungal strains, except Phaenarochaete chrysporium MTCC 787. The results of the study indicated that the bark of Bauhinia purpurea possessed a broad spectrum of antrimicrobial activity, which might be due to the presence of phenols and tannins in it, as per literature review suggested....
Cisplatin, a cytotoxic agent used in treating cancer, at high doses induces hepatotoxicity. The present study was undertaken to examine the antioxidant potential of Moringa oleifera L (MO) seed oil against the toxicity of Cisplatin in albino rats.. In literature seed extract of Moringa species reported to have anti-inflammatory, purgative, tonic, and analgesic, potential antitumor, anti-fungal, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and diuretic activity. In view of this, the present study investigates the protective effect of Moringa oleifera oil on Cisplatin (CP) induced damage to liver. A dose- dependent increases in biochemical parameters, such as SGOT, SGPT, ALP and a decrease non-enzyme antioxidants and lipid peroxidase levels level. Serum/urine parameters, enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative stress were analyzed. Cisplatin caused perturbation of the antioxidant defence as is reflected by the decrease in the activities of Catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. However, these alterations were ameliorated in Cisplatin treated rats fed on Moringa oil. Present results show that Moringa oil to Cisplatin treated rats ameliorated Cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity and other deleterious effects due to its intrinsic biochemical/antioxidant properties....
AYURVEDA – one of the noblest and holiest traditional systems of medicine to prevent and heal human ailments. Ayurvedic system of medicine originated from India and spread over several developing and developed countries. Although an artificialization in the modern system of therapy is currently very dominant, a very usage and exploitation of traditional systems of medicine are unavoidable in health practice. The modern systems of drug analysis, with or without the aid of sophisticated in-puts, is capable of formulate and standardize all existing system of medicine adopting modern scientific principles. Based on this fact it has been decided to prepare a Viburnum punctatum churna containing the leaf of the species and then to standardize the same by pharmacognostical means to supplement some scientific information which can be correlated with existing data base of the crude drugs. The churna was subjected to micoscopical and several physic-chemical examinations including a primary organic analysis to obtain consistent and reproducible parameters, in addition to a screening of its anti diarrhoeal potential which help in progressing further studies on phyto-chemical and biological aspects of the churna in future....
Ayurveda – one of the noblest and holiest traditional systems of medicine to prevent and heal human ailments. Ayurvedic system of medicine originated from India and spread over several developing and developed countries. Although an artificialization in the modern system of therapy is currently very dominant, a very usage and exploitation of traditional systems of medicine are unavoidable in health practice. The modern systems of drug analysis, with or without the aid of sophisticated in-puts, is capable of formulate and standardize all existing system of medicine adopting modern scientific principles.Based on this fact it has been decided to prepare a Triple Viburnum churna containing the roots of three Viburnum Linn. Species and then to standardize the same by pharmacognostical means to supplement some scientific informations which can be correlated with existing data base of the crude drugs. The churna was subjected to micoscopical and several physic-chemical examinations including a primary organic analysis to obtain consistent and reproducible parameters, in addition to a screening of its anti diarrhoeal potential which help in progressing further studies on phyto-chemical and biological aspects of the churna in future...
Sesame, a crop of semi arid zone is one of the World’s oldest oil crops and is being cultivated since ancient times in Asia and Africa. Sesame seed is used for direct consumption because of its sky-scraping nutritional value (50-60% oil and 16-25% protein). It is a source of excellent quality oil with very low rancidity and high antioxidant activity. Due to large remuneration of sesame seeds, flowers, roots and leaves the interest of scientists has been renewed in this ancient crop. Various parts of Sesamum indicum are constructive in handling of cancer, High blood pressure, constipation, diarrhea, dysentery, fungal infection, infant cholera and urinary infections. The knowledge of nature and magnitude of genetic variability is of immense value for planning efficient breeding program to look up the yield potential of the genotypes. Information on genetic diversity in sesame is limited. Some studies based on agro-morphological diversity have been carried out. A very few studies are based on RAPD and AFLP techniques based diversity evaluation. Generally these studies are focused on regional interests. In India, a little study has been carried out to determine the genetic divergence in Sesamum indicum L. To conquer this hole of knowledge in sesame, the present review encompasses overall evaluation and collection of data from different studies conducted to evaluate the genetic divergence in Sesamum indicum L....
The root of Asparagus racemosus of Lilliaceae family is traditionally used in the treatment of several diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ethanolic root extract of the Asparagus racemosus for hepatoprotective effect against carbontetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats. Administration of ethanolic root extract of Asparagus racemosus protect the liver from toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride by reducing the elevated levels of Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), total bilirubin, Serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP) and also increases the elevated levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. The hepatoprotective activity was also supported by histopathological studies of liver tissue. Since results of biochemical studies of blood samples of carbon tetrachloride treated rats showed significant increase in the levels of serum enzyme activities and decreases in antioxidant parameters, reflecting the liver injury caused by CCl4 and blood samples from the animals treated with the ethanolic extract of Asparagus racemosus showed significant decrease in the levels of serum markers and increases the antioxidant parameters, indicating the protection of hepatic cells, the extract of above plant could afford significant protection against CCl4 induced Hepatocellular injury....
The present experiment was designed to make a systematic study of experimentally induced immunotoxicity of lead acetate and its amelioration with Ocimum sanctum (OS) in male wistar rats. In the present investigation rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=36). Rats of group II and III were treated with different doses of lead acetate @ 60 mgs and 30 mgs / Kg.b.wt. / 3days a week respectively and to study immunomodulatory effect Ocimum sanctum given orally @ 400mg/Kg b.wt. for other IV and V groups of rats along with lead acetate over a period of 12 weeks. Group I and VI served as DW and OS control. Significant reduction in the both HA titer and DNCB contact sensitivity score was observed in the lead acetate treated groups and depletion of lymphocytes in spleen, lymphnodes and thymus indicates lead acetate has immunotoxic effect. Where as significant improvement in the immunity was noticed in the Ocimum sanctum treated groups indicates immunomodulatory property....
Cissus qudrangularis (Hadjod) is an important medicinal plant used in India. It is used by the tribal and rural for bone healing purpose traditionally. We have not reported yet any standard protocol for in vitro propagation for this. to establish and optimize the rapid propagation technology of Cissus qudrangularis and to generate and try to enhance the phytochemical found in this. Material and method: we used different conc. of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) kinetin (KT) was used to establish and screen the optimal rapid propagation technology of Cissus qudrangularis. by using apical bud and meristem we have found induction of root and multiplication on Murashige and Skoog’s medium (ms ;1962)supplemented with 3.5mg/l BAP and 0.5 NAA, in this combination +_3 shoot per plant were obtained Culture had been established successfully after a month in 2.5BAP + 1.5NAA. After this it transferred to the higher media BAP and NAA (3.5+ 0.5). We have found multiple shoot in this. Obtained plant will be tried for hardening for rapid multiplication purpose....
There is increasing evidence to support the involvement of free radical reactions in several human diseases. In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that in man, free radicals play a critical role in a variety of normal regulatory systems, the de-regulation of which may play an important role in inflammation. Active oxygen species and other free radicals have long been known to be mutagenic. Further, these agents have more recently emerged as mediators of the other phenotypic and genotypic changes that lead from mutations to neoplasia. Therefore, free radicals may contribute widely to cancer development in humans. The antioxidant activities of the plant extract and pure compounds were assessed on the basis of radical scavenging effect of the stable DPPH free radical. In the present study we evaluated free radical scavenging activity of three chromatographically purified fractions of aqueous extracts of Ricinus communis leaves. The three fractions of Ricinus communis leaf extracts labeled as RcB1, RcB2 and RcB3 and two standards Ascorbic acid and Quercitin were tested for antioxidant activity using DPPH assay and Nitric Oxide Radical Inhibition assay. Among the three purified fractions the RcB1 and RcB2 showed significant anti-oxidant activity with IC50 value of 120µg/ml and 60µg/ml respectively for DPPH and 87µg/ml and 70µg/ml for Nitric Oxide, while as the RcB3 showed no anti-oxidant activity even at very high concentrations....
Abstracts: This study reports the isolation and characterization of a triterpenoid glycoside extracted from the whole plant of Eclipta alba. The isolation of the organic compound was done using simple chromatographic technique. Compound characterization using various spectroscopic techniques identifies the final isolated compound as 3-O [β-D-glucopyranosyl] echinocystic acid 28-O-β-D-glyucopyranosly methyl ester. The method of isolation is simple and efficient....
The roots of Viburnum erubescens belonging to the family Adoxaceae is collected from Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu and authentificated. Following a successive extraction and a primary organic analysis, it has been known to contain phenolic compounds as its principal phyto-constituents in their hydroalcoholic fraction. From 1 kg of the root extract, approximately 80 mg of astragalin and 40 mg of amentoflavone were isolated using a column chromatography and characterised by spectroscopy. By agar diffusion method a mixture of both the pure compounds were subjected against about four human pathogenic bacteria using gentamycin as the standard and the results were obtained in terms of MIC and ZOI which were concentration dependant. The study showed an antimicrobial activity either proximal or equal antibacterial activities. The current study may be useful to progress further investigation on the isolation of other phenolic compounds and their biological potential for the treatment of human ailments....
Traditionally Smithia sensitiva is used in inflammation and in cancer. Our study objective is to isolate and characterize the phytoconstituent present in the plant Smithia sensitiva. Qualitative chemical analysis of the extract of Smithia sensitiva revealed the presence of alkaloids, glucose and carbohydrates, steroids, tannins and flavanoids. The plant was extracted using different solvents and isolated different constituents present in the crude extract by centrifugation and their purification by column chromatography. The ethyl acetate: methanol (15:85) soluble fraction of the compound was crystallized as yellow crystals and it was purified by column chromatography using the same ratio and the eluted portion was found to be a single compound in the TLC. The spectral information indicate that the molecule was 5, 6 dihydroxy7, 8, 3’trimethoxy flavone D-glucose-D-xylose. The structure of the compound was confirmed by I.R, Mass, C13 NMR and H1 NMR studies....
Keeping in view the overall pharmaceutical uses of Jatropha curcas such as medicinal properties, insecticidal properties along with and benefits on the rural and urban economy,its status, constraints are reviewed in this paper for planning the future research and development strategies. Jatropha curcas, a member of the Euphorbiaceae is a multipurpose tree of significant economic importance because of its several industrial and medicinal uses. The Jatropha as an industry is in the initial stage of development and systematic and considered efforts are being made for its promotion. There are areas in our country where interest in this plant is especially strong because lot of waste lands are available there. Preparations of all parts of the plant, including seeds, leaves and bark, fresh or as adecoction, are used in traditional medicine and for veterinary purposes. The oil has a strong purgative action and is also widely used for skin diseases and to soothe pain such as that caused by rheumatism. Leaves are regarded as antiparasitc, applied to scabies; rubefacient for paralysis, rheumatism; also applied to hard tumours. Leaves also show antileukemic activity. Compounds that have been isolated from Jatropha curcas leaves include the flavonoids apigenin and its glycosides vitexin and isovitexin, the sterols stigmasterol, â -D-sitosterol and its â -D-glucoside.The methanolic extract of leaves of Jatropha curcas was reported to have anticrustcean activity, DNA intercalating effect and also anti-viral activity. An ethanolic extract of the defatted leaves and twigs of Jatropha curcas show antileukemic activity. The butanolic extract of dried leaves of Jatropha curcas and decoction of the dried root bark was reported to have antispasmodic activity. The leaf extract has been confirmed to possess disinfectant/antiparasitic activity. The extracts of dried leaves, dried latex and dried seeds of Jatropha curcas have been investigated and proved to have antibacterial activity. Latex has antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichi coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Candida albicans. Methanol extract of physic nut leaves afforded moderate protection for cultured human lymphoblastoid cells against the cytopathic effects of human immunodeficiency virus. Extract of the leaves showed potent cardiovascular action in guinea pigs and might be a possible source of beta-blocker agent. For exploiting any plant for the industrial purpose, it becomes necessary to have complete know-how about its biological and chemical properties along with all other applications for maximum utilization of its industrial potential. At present the farmers are unable to obtain optimum economic benefits from this plant particularly for its various by-products. Consequently, the Jatropha growers are totally unaware of the industrial potential and economics of this plant required for its commercial exploitation. To expoit the Jatropha to maximum extent, it is necessary to select and multiply the best genotypes for better quality biodiesel in a sustainable manner...
In this study, fixed oil is extracted from the seeds of Putranjiva roxburghii. Wall and has been evaluated the percentage yield, physical and chemical properties of the extracted oil. The highest percentage of oil obtained was 50% w/v identified after different extraction. The physicochemical property of oil suggests the use of this oil in liquid soap, shampoo and oil based ice cream production. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated using disc diffusion method. Results showed that the oil exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Staph.aureus and antifungal activity against C. albicans....
The present study was carried out on phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial properties of seagrass species Cymodocea serrulata and Halodule pinifolia against ten clinical pathogens. The sea grasses were extracted with three different solvents such as acetone, methanol and aqueous. The qualitative analysis of phytochemicals reveals in the presence of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides and steroids in both species. The antimicrobial effect of all the three extracts confirms significant activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria compared to Gentamicin (10µg/disc). The results of present study were concluded that seagrass species Cymodocea serrulata and Halodule pinifolia possess potential antibiotic against clinical pathogens....
This study was under taken to determine the chronic anti-inflammatory activity of Sandhi Abhay Tablet. Sandhi Abhay Tablet is an Ayurvedic proprietory formulation manufactured by SDM Pharmacy, Udupi, and Karnataka. Cotton pellet granuloma was produced by implantation of 100±1 mg of sterile cotton pellet both sides in the scapular region under ether anaesthesia in rat. Cotton pellet granuloma induced chronic inflammation was assessed by taking dried weight of granulation tissue, histopathological examination of adrenal gland, Serum Orosomucoid, Adrenal ascorbic acid and liver tissue biochemical parameters. Effect of Sandhi Abhay Tablet was assessed at two dose level in comparison to Dexomethasone (100μg/kg p.o.) as a reference standard drug. Therapeutically Equivalent Dose (TED) of Sandhi Abhay Tablet was (450mg/kg p.o.) and double to TED (TED × 2) was (900mg/kg p.o.). Dexomethasone produced significant decrease on body weight, granulation tissue formation and serum Orosomucoid and non-significant effect on adrenal ascorbic acid and other biochemical parameters of liver homogenate like Total Protein content, Lipid Peroxidation, Total glutathione and Glutathione peroxidase, Nitric oxide level and Catalase activity. Sandhi Abhay Tablet at both dose levels showed moderate effect on same and also non-significant effect on adrenal ascorbic acid and other biochemical parameters of liver tissue homogenate. Slight increase in cellularity of adrenal gland was observed in double to TED dose group, and in contrast decrease in cellularity was observed in Dexomethasone treated group. Based on data generated and histopathological profile, it is concluded that Sandhi Abhay Tablet at both dose levels showed moderate effect on chronic inflammation induced by Cotton pellet granuloma....
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hydro-alcoholic extract of Portulaca oleracea L. leaf against ethanol-induced hepatic damage. Ethanol feeding resulted in liver injury as indicated by the serum activities of marker enzymes such as AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), TB (total bilirubin) and TG (triglyceride). Post treatment of Portulaca oleracea L. extract reversed these alterations to near normal. The result of this study confirms the regenerative changes in liver by action of Portulaca oleracea L....
The roots of Viburnum punctatum, Viburnum coriaceum and Viburnum erubescens were collected from Nilgiri Hills and Coimbatore, Tamilnadu and taxonomically authenticated. Herbarium of the species was submitted to the museum of the place of research studies. The samples were shade dried for a week. About 500 g of powdered samples were extracted with petroleum ether (60 - 80º C), benzene, and 75 % v/v ethanol successively in a soxhletor one by one and followed by determination of percentage extractives. The extracts were qualitatively tested for their different chemical constituents. The ethanolic extracts were selected for further investigations such as determination of total phenolic content and in vitro anti-oxidant potential. It was revealed that all three species exhibited an appreciable anti-oxidant potential against reference compound subjected, and anti-oxidant potential among three species was ascending in series V.coriaceum>V.punctatum>V.erubescens...
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